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The Carapacial Ridge of Turtles
(Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia., 2012-05-25)
Two main elements characterize the skeletal morphology of turtles: the carapace and the plastron. For a turtle, the carapacial ridge begins in the embryo as a bulge posterior to the limbs but on both sides of the body. ...
Gastrulation in Mus musculus (common house mouse)
(Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia., 2012-11-05)
As mice embryos develop, they undergo a stage of development called gastrulation. The hallmark of vertebrate gastrulation is the reorganization of the inner cell mass (ICM) into the three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, ...
Mesenchyme
(Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia., 2012-11-05)
Mesenchyme is a type of animal tissue comprised of loose cells embedded in a mesh of proteins and fluid, called the extracellular matrix. The loose, fluid nature of mesenchyme allows its cells to migrate easily and play a ...
Cocaine as a Teratogen
(Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia., 2013-10-17)
Cocaine use by pregnant women has a variety of effects on the embryo and fetus, ranging from various gastro-intestinal and cardiac defects to tissue death from insufficient blood supply. Thus, cocaine has been termed a ...
The Source-Sink Model
(Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia., 2012-08-13)
The source-sink model, first proposed by biologist Francis Crick in 1970, is a theoretical system for how morphogens distribute themselves across small fields of early embryonic cells. A morphogen is a substance that ...
Germ Layers
(Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia., 2013-10-03)
A germ layer is a group of cells in an embryo that interact with each other as the embryo develops and contribute to the formation of all organs and tissues. All animals, except perhaps sponges, form two or three germ ...
The Role of the Notch Signaling Pathway in Myogenesis
(Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia., 2013-07-26)
Among other functions, the Notch signaling pathway forestalls the process of myogenesis in animals. The Notch signaling pathway is a pathway in animals by which two adjacent cells within an organism use a protein named ...
The Meckel-Serres Conception of Recapitulation
(Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia., 2013-07-10)
Johann Friedrich Meckel and Antoine Etienne Reynaud Augustin Serres developed in the early 1800s the basic principles of what later became called the Meckel-Serres Law. Meckel and Serres both argued that fetal deformities ...
Anencephaly
(Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia., 2013-03-18)
Anencephaly is an open neural tube defect, meaning that part of the neural tube does not properly close or that it has reopened during early embryogenesis. An embryo with anencephaly develops without the top of the skull, ...
Sex-determining Region Y in Mammals
(Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia., 2013-12-31)
The Sex-determining Region Y (Sry in mammals but SRY in humans) is a gene found on Y chromosomes that leads to the development of male phenotypes, such as testes. The Sry gene, located on the short branch of the Y chromosome, ...