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Cocaine as a Teratogen
(Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia., 2013-10-17)
Cocaine use by pregnant women has a variety of effects on the embryo and fetus, ranging from various gastro-intestinal and cardiac defects to tissue death from insufficient blood supply. Thus, cocaine has been termed a ...
Germ Layers
(Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia., 2013-10-03)
A germ layer is a group of cells in an embryo that interact with each other as the embryo develops and contribute to the formation of all organs and tissues. All animals, except perhaps sponges, form two or three germ ...
Fetal Surgery
(Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia., 2013-03-18)
Fetal surgeries are a range of medical interventions performed in utero on the developing fetus of a pregnant woman to treat a number of congenital abnormalities. The first documented fetal surgical procedure occurred in ...
The Role of the Notch Signaling Pathway in Myogenesis
(Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia., 2013-07-26)
Among other functions, the Notch signaling pathway forestalls the process of myogenesis in animals. The Notch signaling pathway is a pathway in animals by which two adjacent cells within an organism use a protein named ...
The Meckel-Serres Conception of Recapitulation
(Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia., 2013-07-10)
Johann Friedrich Meckel and Antoine Etienne Reynaud Augustin Serres developed in the early 1800s the basic principles of what later became called the Meckel-Serres Law. Meckel and Serres both argued that fetal deformities ...
Anencephaly
(Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia., 2013-03-18)
Anencephaly is an open neural tube defect, meaning that part of the neural tube does not properly close or that it has reopened during early embryogenesis. An embryo with anencephaly develops without the top of the skull, ...
Sex-determining Region Y in Mammals
(Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia., 2013-12-31)
The Sex-determining Region Y (Sry in mammals but SRY in humans) is a gene found on Y chromosomes that leads to the development of male phenotypes, such as testes. The Sry gene, located on the short branch of the Y chromosome, ...
The Notch Signaling Pathway in Embryogenesis
(Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia., 2013-03-18)
The Notch signaling pathway is a mechanism in animals by which adjacent cells communicate with each other, conveying spatial information and genetic instructions for the animal's development. All multicellular animals ...
Endoderm
(Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia., 2013-11-17)
Endoderm is one of the germ layers-- aggregates of cells that organize early during embryonic life and from which all organs and tissues develop. All animals, with the exception of sponges, form either two or three germ ...
Ectoderm
(Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia., 2013-12-03)
Ectoderm is one of three germ layers--groups of cells that coalesce early during the embryonic life of all animals except maybe sponges, and from which organs and tissues form. As an embryo develops, a single fertilized ...